\SCREEN 0,0,19\READ 081119PW.FON\LOCATE 0,0\WIDTH 320 DOTS CENTERED\HEIGHT 199\OVERLAY 0,A,32\CLEAR SCREEN\READ SEWING.HUE\ON KEY F10 JUMP ENDIT
HOW A SEWING MACHINE WORKS
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An animated lesson by:
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Russell D. Hoffman
The Animated Software Company
P.O. Box 188006
Carlsbad CA 92009
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Version 2.10
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Created using
RUSSELL'S ANIMATION MACHINE
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Copyright (c) 1992
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Press Function Key 10 (<F10>) to exit at any time.  Press <F1> to start over.
\WAIT RET 2222\X RESTART\CLEAR SCREEN\ON KEY F1 JUMP RESTART
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The home sewing machine uses an ingenious mechanical movement to combine two threads to form a "lock stitch".  The two-thread sewing machine was designed in 1833 by an American, Walter Hunt.
\READ SEWMACHN.PIC
\SHOW 20,40,1,1,O
\WAIT RET -1 "      Press <ENTER> to continue..."
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In 1851 Isaac Merritt SINGER improved on the machine, added a treadle to power it, and his version became a household classic and his name became a household word.
\BLANK 0,44,165,56\LOAD STITCHED.PIC\ON KEY F1 JUMP RESTART2\WAIT RET -1
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Here is an animation of the sewing needle, rotating hook, and foot plate in action.
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The upper thread, shown here in red, is pulled down and around the lower (yellow) thread, then the threads are pulled tight in the middle of the fabric, as the fabric is moved back for the next stitch.
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Next we'll show each step in turn...
\BLANK 170,0,320,199
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Press <ENTER> to continue...
\LOAD STITCHED.PIC\ON KEY 7181 JUMP STITCH3\ROUNDS -1 SPEED 84
\SHOW 180,10,1,20\X STITCH3\ON KEY 7181
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The sequence begins with the needle above the two layers of fabric (since that's where you thread it.)
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Here, the needle is about to go down through the fabric layers.
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When you press <ENTER> the first part of the sequence will be shown.
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\SHOW 180,10,1\LOC 240,65\WIDTH 48 DOTS CENTERED\OVER 0,A,225
Needle
\DRAW J248,62C48U17E7D4U4L4
\WAIT RET -1\BLANK 0,0,170,181\ROUNDS 1 SPEED 300\ON KEY 7181 JUMP NEXT6
\SHOW 180,10,1,7\X NEXT6\ON KEY 7181\SHOW 180,10,7
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As soon as the needle is at the lowest point it comes back up.  The thread, however, slides through the eye of the needle and forms a loop at the lowest point.
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The ROTATING HOOK is right there to grasp the little loop.
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The rotating hook expands the loop as the needle rises out of the way...
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Rotating
Hook
\DRAW J298,148C48U16H3L7F4H4E4
\WAIT RET -1\ON KEY 7181 JUMP NEXT7\SHOW 180,10,9,14\X NEXT7\ON KEY 7181
\LOC 0,0\WID 170 DOTS\OVER 0,A,227\SHOW 180,10,14
The upper thread has been pulled down and around the lower thread.
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When the rotating hook is just past the lowest point the thread slips off and is pulled up by the THREAD TAKEUP LEVER, which is above the needle (not shown in this animation.)
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(Note that it is not the needle rising that pulls the thread up.)

\WAIT RET -1\ON KEY 7181 JUMP NEXT9\SHOW 180,10,15,17\X NEXT9\ON KEY 7181\SHOW 180,10,17
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The threads are pulled tight while the FEED PLATE pushes up against the PRESSURE FOOT and then moves the fabric back into position for the next stitch.
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The rotating hook makes a second revolution before the needle comes down for the next stitch.
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If the TENSION is adjusted correctly the stitches will lock midway through the fabric.
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Pressure
Foot
\DRAW J268,80C48D11E4G4H4
\LOC 188,120\WIDTH 40 DOTS CENTERED\OVER 0,A,225
Feed
Plate
\DRAW J226,126,C48R5E5U10F4H4G4
\WAIT RET -1\SHOW 180,10,18,20
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The needle begins to drop and the cycle repeats.  This happens as much as 1000 times per minute on a home sewing machine.
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Modern sewing machines are generally sturdy and reliable, but like the sewing machines of the 1800's they should be carefully oiled every few hours of operation.
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Press <F1> to restart this demo or <F10> to exit.
\ROUNDS -1 SPEED 34\ON KEY 7181 JUMP ENDIT\ON KEY F1 JUMP RESTART2\SHOW 180,10,1,20
\X ENDIT\END
\X RESTART2\CLEAR ON KEYS\CLOSE STITCHED.PIC\JUMP RESTART
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